Co maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho Svaz sov\u011btsk\u00fdch socialistick\u00fdch republik, \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 republika, Alb\u00e1nsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 republika a v\u016fbec v\u0161echny re\u017eimy ve sv\u011bt\u011b, ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako lidov\u00e9 a demokratick\u00e9? Poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed svobody projevu a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 svobody. A tak\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed t\u00e1bory \u2013 gulagy.
Gulagy v Alb\u00e1nsk\u00e9m pojet\u00ed byly t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed t\u00e1bory v dolech. D\u0159ina v primitivn\u00edch a nelidsk\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch pod zem\u00ed, velk\u00e9 mrazy, v l\u00e9t\u011b stra\u0161n\u00e9 horko. V\u011bzni spali zabalen\u00ed v dek\u00e1ch na betonov\u00e9 podlaze v nevytopen\u00fdch ubikac\u00edch, j\u00eddlo jednou denn\u011b, peklo. A to jen proto, \u017ee m\u011bli jin\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, kter\u00e9 se neb\u00e1li \u0159\u00edct. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed bylo za agitaci a propagandu proti lidov\u00e9 moci. V\u011bt\u0161inou bez \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho procesu byli v\u011bzn\u011bni \u0159adu let spole\u010dn\u011b s du\u0161evn\u011b chor\u00fdmi a skute\u010dn\u00fdmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi zlo\u010dinci. Poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161ikana, nen\u00e1vist, to byl b\u011b\u017en\u00fd denn\u00ed chleba. Celkem 200.000 lid\u00ed pro\u0161lo pracovn\u00edmi t\u00e1bory. V zemi, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla t\u0159i mili\u00f3ny obyvatel, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd 15. \u010dlov\u011bk m\u011bl n\u011bkoho v rodin\u011b, kdo byl v\u011bzn\u011bn.<\/p>
Nejv\u00edce pracovn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f bylo v okol\u00ed Tirany. Nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edmi a nejhor\u0161\u00edmi gulagy v Alb\u00e1nii b\u00fdvaly doly na m\u011b\u010f v oblasti mezi Fush\u00eb Arr\u00ebz a Reps. V jednom \u00fadol\u00ed d\u016fl Gurth Spa\u00e7, p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1n alb\u00e1nskou Osv\u011btim\u00ed, v druh\u00e9m d\u016fl Lum\u00ebbardh\u00eb a v sedle mezi nimi v\u016fbec nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u011bznice Qaf\u00eb Bari. V dolech na m\u011b\u010f a pyrit zde d\u0159elo v\u00edce jak 1.000 lid\u00ed nepohodln\u00fdch komunistick\u00e9mu re\u017eimu, zejm\u00e9na intelektu\u00e1l\u016f. Dodne\u0161ka nen\u00ed zdokumentov\u00e1no, kolik lid\u00ed nep\u0159e\u017eilo. Tyto gulagy byly otev\u0159eny v roce 1968 a uzav\u0159eny byly a v\u011bzni propu\u0161t\u011bni a\u017e v roce 1988, t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed p\u00e1dem komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu.
P\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh povstalc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed protestovali proti nelidsk\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m ve v\u011bznici Qaf\u00eb Bari. V roce 1984 byli hromadn\u011b popraveni. Jejich ostatky nebyly ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f do dne\u0161ka nalezeny. Pouze rodina Sokola Zef Sokoli po dlouh\u00e9m p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed a vypt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed odm\u00edtli vystoupit z anonymity, nalezla ostatky sv\u00e9ho bratra pobl\u00ed\u017e Shkod\u00ebru a\u017e v roce 2011.
Absurdn\u00edm je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh premi\u00e9ra Ko\u00e7o Kota. Ten slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159el nov\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed v\u011bzen\u00ed ve m\u011bst\u011b Burell je\u0161t\u011b za vl\u00e1dy kr\u00e1le Zoga. V roce 1946 po p\u0159evzet\u00ed moci komunisty se s\u00e1m stal v\u011bzn\u011bm a ve v\u011bzen\u00ed zem\u0159el. Dnes si ve v\u011bzen\u00ed odpyk\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 tresty nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed zlo\u010dinci spojen\u00ed s drogov\u00fdmi mafiemi.
Zcela typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem hr\u016fznosti komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu je pak p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh u\u010ditele Pjet\u00ebra Arbnoriho, kter\u00fd byl za sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a opakovan\u00e9 organizov\u00e1n\u00ed vzpour v\u011bzn\u011bn neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 28 let.
Za m\u0159\u00ed\u017eemi nekon\u010dili jen lid\u00e9 s odli\u0161n\u00fdmi n\u00e1zory, ale i cel\u00e9 rodiny b\u00fdval\u00fdch politick\u00fdch p\u0159isluhova\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se stali nepohodln\u00fdmi alb\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu hr\u016fzovl\u00e1dci Enveru Hoxhovi. P\u0159\u00edkladem je t\u0159eba Fatos Lubonja, jeho otec vedl Hoxhovu st\u00e1tn\u00ed televizi, pak se stal re\u017eimu nepohodln\u00fd a byl i se synem uv\u011bzn\u011bn. Fatos Lubonja byl odsouzen na 7 let za kritiku re\u017eimu a pak na dal\u0161\u00edch 12 let za prosov\u011btskou opozici (Alb\u00e1nie byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b proti Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu). Ve v\u011bzen\u00ed napsal na cigaretov\u00fd pap\u00edr rom\u00e1n \u201ePosledn\u00ed masakr\u201c. Nejsmutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee v Alb\u00e1nii, stejn\u011b jako u n\u00e1s, se dnes ukazuje, \u017ee lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed kr\u00e1tkou pam\u011b\u0165.
Dnes jsou v\u011bzen\u00ed i doly v trosk\u00e1ch, opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 budovy, zavalen\u00e9 \u0161toly. Jsou pl\u00e1ny na rekonstrukci a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed pam\u00e1tn\u00edku, ale zat\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jen u slov.
kv\u011bten 2013<\/p>\n[gallery ids=\"318,319,298,297,296,211,212,208\"]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/albanieoffroadpruvodce.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/albanieoffroadpruvodce.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/albanieoffroadpruvodce.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albanieoffroadpruvodce.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albanieoffroadpruvodce.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=586"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/albanieoffroadpruvodce.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1095,"href":"https:\/\/albanieoffroadpruvodce.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/586\/revisions\/1095"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/albanieoffroadpruvodce.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}